ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT In the dairy industry, fermented products are traditionally made with cow's milk, however, recently other ingredients have been used that give different qualities to the final product; among them is buffalo milk, which has distinctive characteristics and is rarely utilized industrially in Colombia, for this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) on the physicochemical and bromatological properties and shelf-life of buffalo milk yogurt. First, an aloe vera sauce was made, which was added to buffalo milk yogurt in three percentages (5, 10, and 15 %), and one was chosen using a preference ordering test. Subsequently, the selected product was evaluated for physicochemical and bromatological parameters and mineral content. The shelf-life was also calculated using an accelerated shelf-life study at temperatures of 5, 15, 25, and 35 °C. According to the sensory panel the best yogurt was the sample with 15 % of aloe vera sauce. For the bromatological analysis, it was found that the final product had 2.57 % protein, 5.87 % fat, 0.49 % ash, and 74.9 % moisture. Shelf-life calculations yielded an average of 28.6 days. It is concluded that aloe vera positively impacted the bromatological parameters and mineral content of buffalo milk yogurt.
RESUMEN En la industria láctea, se elaboran productos fermentados, tradicionalmente, con leche de vaca; sin embargo, en los últimos tiempos, se han utilizado otros ingredientes, que dan diferentes cualidades al producto final; entre ellos, se encuentra la leche de búfala, que tiene características únicas y además es poco utilizada industrialmente en Colombia. La presente investigación tuvo por objetivo evaluar el efecto de la adición de aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller), en las características fisicoquímicas, bromatológicas y vida útil de un yogurt de leche de búfala. Primeramente, se realizó una salsa de aloe vera, la que se le agregó al yogurt de leche de búfala, en tres porcentajes (5, 10 y 15 %) y se escogió uno, mediante una prueba de preferencia por ordenación. Posteriormente, al producto seleccionado, se le evaluaron los parámetros fisicoquímicos, bromatológicos y contenido de minerales. También fue calculada la vida útil del yogurt, utilizando un estudio de vida útil, acelerado a temperaturas de 5, 15, 25, y 35 °C. De acuerdo con el panel sensorial, se estableció que la mejor muestra de yogurt fue aquella que tenía 15 % de salsa de aloe vera. En cuanto al análisis bromatológico, se encontró que el producto final tuvo 2,57 % de proteína, 5,87 % de grasa, 0,49 % de cenizas y 74,9 % de humedad. Los cálculos de vida útil arrojaron 28,6 días en promedio. Se concluye que el aloe vera impactó positivamente los parámetros bromatológicos y el contenido de minerales del yogurt de leche de búfala.
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Among the nutrients involved in the chicken diet, the microminerals deserve attention as they exert essential functions in the organism. These compounds can be provided in inorganic (traditional) and organic (chelate) forms. In organic form, the micromimerals can attend a new concept related to a better bio-availability. In this sense, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of the partial and total substitution of inorganic by organic sources of microminerals on the animal diet, assessing its concentration in the blood and liver after 21 and 40 days and also in the bones after 40 days. Moreover, the effect on the physical-chemical and sensory characteristics of the muscle after 15 days of storage at 4°C was also evaluated. The animals were divided into five treatments: 100% inorganic, 70% inorganic and 30% organic, 50% inorganic and 50% organic, 30% inorganic and 70% organic and 100% organic-chelate. It is shown that the use of organic sources of microminerals in the diet of poultry induced to an increase of its concentrations in the blood and liver, with no significant alterations in the compositions of bones, compared to the use of inorganic sources. Feed formulated using 50% of organic minerals and 50% of inorganic minerals led to similar results. The diet with organic minerals or mixture with inorganic sources results in a low lipid oxidation in the drumsticks stored at 4°C for 15 days, in comparison with those using only inorganic minerals. No sensory alterations were observed for all different treatments.
ABSTRACT
Objetivou-se conhecer os teores de cobre, zinco, ferro e molibdênio em soro e fígado de pequenos ruminantes criados nos municípios de Casa Nova e Juazeiro, estado da Bahia, e verificar se há carência primária ou secundária de cobre. Foi avaliado um total de 160 amostras de ovinos e caprinos de ambos os sexos, coletados nos períodos seco e chuvoso. O valor de cobre sérico para caprinos foi de 13,8±0,3±mol/L e para ovinos foi de 12,2±0,4±mol/L, enquanto os teores hepáticos médios foram de 220ppm para caprinos e 238ppm para ovinos. O valor de zinco sérico para caprinos foi de 28,3±1,0±mol/L e para ovinos foi de 28,7±0,8±mol/L, enquanto os teores hepáticos médios foram de 99ppm para caprinos e 92ppm para ovinos. O valor de ferro sérico para caprinos foi de 61±3±mol/L e para ovinos foi de 64±2±mol/L, enquanto os teores hepáticos foram de 172ppm para caprinos e 221ppm para ovinos. Os valores médios de cobre não indicam ocorrência de carência deste elemento nos pequenos ruminantes criados nos municípios estudados. Os teores de zinco encontravam-se dentro dos intervalos de normalidade, não sendo verificada a necessidade de suplementação extra deste mineral. Os teores de ferro sérico apresentavam-se bem elevados, contudo sem que houvesse interferência suficiente no metabolismo do cobre de forma a resultar em uma deficiência cúprica.
The aim of this research was to know the copper, zinc, iron and molybdenum content in serum and liver of small ruminants raised in the cities of Casa Nova and Juazeiro, state of Bahia, and verify the occurrence of primary or secondary copper deficiency. A total of 160 samples of sheep and goats of both sexes collected in the dry and rainy season were evaluated. The values for serum copper in goats was 13.8±0.3±mol/L and in sheep it was 12.2±0.4 ±mol/L, while the mean liver concentration was 220 ppm for goats and 238 ppm for sheep. The serum zinc value for goats was 28.3±1.0±mol/L and for sheep it was 28.7±0.8±mol/L, while the mean liver concentration was 99 ppm for goats and 92 ppm for sheep. Serum iron value for goats was 61±3±mol/L and for sheep it was 64±2±mol/L, while liver levels were 172 ppm for goats and 221 ppm for sheep. Copper mean values do not indicate the occurrence of copper deficiency in small ruminants raised in the cities studied. Zinc levels were within the normal values and do not require extra supplementation of this mineral. The serum iron levels were elevated, however it did not interfere in copper metabolism in order to result in a cupric deficiency.
Subject(s)
Animals , Liver , Minerals , Ruminants , Serum , Soil Analysis , Abattoirs , Copper , Iron , MolybdenumABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Korean ordinary diets are referred to be good for human health in worldwide. However it is uncertain whether they provide microminerals enough for growth and health of teenagers. A main purpose of this study was to identify micromineral contents in school meals. MATERIALS/METHODS: The fifty cuisines were collected from elementary schools and middle schools in Gyeongnam area. The contents of Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn among microminerals were analyzed by using ICP-OES method. Data were expressed as mean, standard deviation and range value and linear regression analysis performed. RESULTS: Fe level of Pangibuseotpaprika-salad was the highest among side-dishes (average 346.6 microg) and Zn level of Sullung-tang was highest among soups (average 229.1 microg). Cu level of Buchu-kimchi was the highest among kimchies (average 217.5 microg) and Mn level of Gumeunkongyangnyum-gui was highest among side-dishes (average 198.4 microg). Generally cooked-rices as main dish had relative smaller amounts of microminerals than the other cuisines. The results showed that the ratio of Cu : Fe : Zn was approximately 12 : 4 : 1 and the relationship between Fe versus Zn or Fe versus Cu was significantly positive. CONCLUSION: Comparing to Korean Dietary Recommended Intakes (KDRI) level, school meals provided not sufficient amount (125% DRI) of Cu.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Humans , Diet , Linear Models , MealsABSTRACT
Esta pesquisa foi realizada com objetivo de avaliar os valores de hematócrito, hemoglobina, hematimetria, leucometria global, ferro sérico, AST, GGT, albumina, ferro sérico, ganho de peso e status parasitológico em cordeiros anêmicos naturalmente infectados por helmintos gastrointestinais suplementados com ferro oral ou parenteral. Foram utilizados 27 cordeiros com peso vivo médio em quilogramas de 27,66 ± 5,8 e idade entre 8 e 10 meses com anemia verminótica alocados em três grupos experimentais; Grupo controle (GC) n=9, Grupo Sulfato ferroso (G2) n=9 e Grupo Ferro Dextrano (G3) n=9. Os animais do G2 receberam via oral diariamente um grama de sulfato ferroso (Fe +2 SO 4 ), equivalente a 200 miligramas de ferro durante 21 dias; já os animais do G3 receberam duas aplicações de 25mg/kgde peso vivo de ferro dextrano por via intramuscular com intervalo de sete dias, a primeira no dia zero e a segunda no dia sete do experimento, enquanto que os animais do GC não receberam tratamento. As coletas de dados foram realizadas nos dias 0, 7, 14 e 21 do experimento. Os níveis de ferro sérico no G3 foram superiores quando comparado aos GC e G2 nos dias 7 e 14 (p<0,05). Em relação aos parâmetros eritrocitários, o G3 apresentou índices superiores (p<0,05) em comparação aos GC e G2 nos dias 7, 14 e 21. A concentração de ferro hepático no G3 foi superior em relação aos GC e G2, apesar de não alterar a mensuração de parâmetros de função hepática entre os grupos. Os valores de OPG, peso vivo e leucócitos totais não diferiram entre os grupos. Baseado nos resultados obtidos, conclui-se que a administração de duas doses de ferro dextrano parenteral foi suficiente para elevar as concentrações séricas e hepáticas deste mineral sem causar danos ao fígado. Além disso, esta suplementação também aumentou a eritropoiese. Já a administração oral diária de 200mg não tem influência sobre a série vermelha do sangue bem como sobre níveis séricos e hepáticos deste mineral. Ambos não exercem influência sobre série branca do sangue.
This research was conducted to evaluate the values of ââ hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells, white blood cell count overall, serum iron, AST, GGT, albumin, weight gain and parasitological status in anemic lambs naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes. It was used 27 lambs with 27.66 ± 5.8 of body weight and 8 to 10 months old with anemia due to worm infection divided in three experimental groups; Control Group (CG) n=9, Ferrous Sulphate Group (G2) n=9 and Iron Dextran Group (G3) n=9. The animals of G2 received 1 gram of Ferrous Sulphate (Fe +2 SO 4 ) orally daily, during 21 days equivalent to 200 milligrams of iron, the animals of G3 received two intramuscular injections of 25mg kg body -1 weight of iron dextran at 7-day interval, the first one on day zero and the second one on day 7 of the experiment, whereas the CG received no treatment. The data collections were performed on days 0, 7, 14 and 21 of the experiment. The serum iron levels in the G3 was higher than GC and G2 on days 7 and 14 (p<0,05). Regarding erythrocyte parameters, G3 showed higher rates (p<0.05) compared to CG and G2 on days 7, 14 and 21. The liver iron concentration was higher in G3 compared to GC and G2, while not change the measurement of liver function parameters between groups. The EPG values, body weight ââand total leukocytes showed no significant difference among the groups. Based on these results, it was concluded that the administration of two doses of parenteral iron dextran was sufficient to raise the serum and liver of this mineral without causing liver damage. Furthermore, this supplementation also increased erythropoiesis. Already oral administration of 200mg daily has no effect on the number of red blood as well as serum and liver of this mineral. Both not influence the white blood.
Subject(s)
Animals , Sheep , Anemia , Hemoglobins , Liver Function Tests , MineralsABSTRACT
Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação dietética de fontes orgânicas de microminerais para galinhas poedeiras sobre o desempenho e a qualidade do ovo. Foram utilizadas 216 aves de linhagem comercial, distribuídas num delineamento inteiramente ao acaso, com quatro tratamentos e nove repetições, com seis aves por parcela. O experimento teve duração de 140 dias, divididos em cinco ciclos de 28 dias. Os tratamentos consistiram de uma dieta basal formulada para atender às exigências nutricionais das aves, suplementada com minerais na forma inorgânica ou porcentagens de minerais orgânicos: T1 - Basal + 100% minerais inorgânicos; T2 - Basal + 100% minerais orgânicos; T3 - Basal + 66% minerais orgânicos; T4 - Basal + 33% minerais orgânicos. A produção de ovos, peso do ovo, massa de ovo, conversão alimentar por massa e dúzia de ovo, porcentagem de albúmen, gravidade específica, espessura de casca e margem bruta relativa apresentaram melhores resultados quando os minerais inorgânicos são substituídos em 66% pelos orgânicos.
This study evaluated the effect of the supplementation with organic microminerals on performance and egg quality of semi-heavy layers. Dekalk Brown layers (n=216) were distributed according to a completely randomized design into four treatments, nine repetitions and six birds per repetition. The experiment lasted 140 days and was comprised of five 28 day cycles. The basal diet was formulated to fulfill the nutritional requirements and was supplemented with organic or inorganic minerals, resulting in four treatments: T1 - basal + 100% inorganic minerals; T2 - basal + 100% organic minerals; T3 - basal + 66% organic minerals; T4 - basal + 33% organic minerals. Egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion for dozen and mass, albumen percentage, specific gravity, shell thickness and relative gross margin have better results when the inorganic minerals are replaced with 66% organic.
Subject(s)
Animals , Eggs/analysis , Iron Chelating Agents/chemistry , Animal Feed/analysis , Chickens/classificationABSTRACT
The objective of this study was to determine the amount of macro and micro minerals in forages growing in three areas of the state of Quintana Roo, north (N), center (C) and south (S) and the most important forage species that grow in those areas. One hundred and eight pasture samples and 68 soil samples were collected in 45 farm units. All minerals were analyzed with atomic absorption spectrometer, except P which was analyzed by colorimetric method. Variables were analyzed using GLM procedures and means were compared using Duncan Multiple Range Test. Forage species more frequently found were Brachiaria brizantha, 73.3%; Cynodon plectostachyus, 31.1%; Pennisetum purpureum, 31.1%; Panicum maximum var Tanzania, 26.6%; P. maximum var Mombasa, 15.5%; P. maximum var Guinea, 13.3%; Brachiaria mutica, 11.1%; and Brachiaria humidicola, 11.1%. Low Ca, P and Mg levels were found in both pastures and soil, where as K and Fe were extremely abundant. Specific deficiencies of Mn (N), Zn (C) and Cu (C and S) were also found. In conclusion, there are serious imbalances in the mineral content of forages that can be solved distributing mineral supplements to animals on pasture rich in Ca, P and Mg, and free of K and Fe, depending to the different state areas, Mn, Zn and Cu should be added.
El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el contenido de macro y microminerales en tres zonas del estado de Quintana Roo, norte (N), centro (C) y sur (S) y determinar los principales forrajes cultivados por productores de bovinos. Se muestrearon 45 unidades ganaderas de las que se obtuvieron 108 muestras de forrajes y 68 de suelos. Los minerales se determinaron mediante espectrometría de absorción atómica y el P por colorimetría. Las variables se analizaron mediante el procedimiento GLM y los promedios se compararon empleando la prueba de Duncan. Los forrajes encontrados más frecuentemente fueron: Brachiaria brizantha, 73.3%; Cynodon plectostachyus, 31.1 %; Pennisetum purpureum, 31.1 %; Panicum maximun, var Tanzania, 26.6%; P. maximun, var Mombasa, 15.5%; P. maximun, var Guinea, 13.3%; Brachiaria mutica, 11.1%; y Brachiaria humidicola, 11.1%. Se encontraron contenidos bajos de Ca, P y Mg en las pasturas asociadas con un bajo nivel de estos minerales en los suelos, mientras que los contenidos de K y Fe se encontraron en niveles elevados tanto en los forrajes como en los suelos. Asimismo, se encontraron deficiencias zonificadas de Mn (N), Zn (C) y Cu (C y S). Se concluye que existen fuertes desbalances en el contenido de minerales de los forrajes, que pueden ser subsanados aportando a los animales en pastoreo complementos minerales con Ca, P y Mg, libres de K y Fe, y dependiendo de la zona del estado se deberá añadir Mn, Zn y Cu.